Helio gas rj1/16/2024 ![]() We have also developed micro-fabrication techniques to build entire experiments on the micron scale. At such low temperatures, we can measure mass currents as low as 5x10-14 gm/s, determine hydrostatic pressures as small as 10-10 atm, and measure displacement as small as 10-15m. We have cryostats which cool samples below 160µK. Our Low Temperature group studies both 3He (a Cooper-paired Fermion system) and 4He (a Boson system) to test fundamental physical principles. Another recent experiment uses superfluids to test models of intrinsic nucleation of defects. One recent example includes work in which aspects of the Big Bang model are tested by observing quantized vortices. The superfluid states themselves have been very important model systems to test and demonstrate physical theories. The most important aspect of the Helium liquids involves Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) into a superfluid state. It is an ideal system to test fundamental physical concepts. Because of the simple nature of this system, it can be thought of as “the hydrogen atom” of condensed matter physics. It exists at temperatures down to absolute zero, is extremely pure, defect free, and devoid of spatial variations in temperature. Liquid helium is the simplest condensed matter system. ![]() Condensed Matter Physics, Experimental Low Temperature Physics, Quantum Liquids, Nanophysics. ![]()
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